... nely separated republics of Germany.The economy of East Berlin as totally integrated ith that of East Germany and also benefited from a steady stream of visitors from est Berlin and est Germany. East Berlin as the hub of East Germanys commercial, financial, and transportation systems, and, although it comprised less than one-half of the former unified city, it as also a huge manufacturing center. Among its principal manufactures ere steel and rubber goods, electrical and transportation equipment, chemicals, and processed food. The Spree River, hich is connected by aterays ith the Baltic Sea, idened in East Berlin to form a major inland harbor. An airport at Schnefeld, just south of the city, served both East and est Berlin.Much of est Berlins industrial capacity as destroyed in orld ar II, and its economy suffered again during 1948 and 1949, hen the USSR blockaded the area in an attempt to drive out the estern poers. Beginning in the 1950s, hoever, est Berlins economy as revitalized ith a great deal of assistance from est Germany and from the United States, hich provided support under the European Recovery Program Marshall Plan. The city soon became an important manufacturing center, producing electrical and electronic equipment and substantial quantities of machinery, metal, textiles, clothing, chemicals, printed materials, and processed food. The city also developed as a center for international finance, for research and science, and for the important est German film industry. It as linked to est Germany by highays, canal systems, a railroad, and airplane services, hich used Tegel, Tempelhof, and Gato airports in est Berlin and Schnefeld airport in nearby East Germany.ith the destruction of the Berlin all in 1989 the to halves of the city ere once again physically integrated. Their economic integration became official in July 1990. East Berlin underent a greater economic upheaval, ith many formerly state-oned businesses succumbing to privatization.hile reunification Die ende, or the change alloed many families and friends long separated by the Berlin all to reunite, it also brought ith it numerous economic and social problems. Berlin has been forced to deal ith housing shortages, strikes and demonstrations, unemployment, and increases in crime and right-ing violence against foreigners. Unification costs in Germany have led to increased taxes, reduced government subsidies, and cuts in social services.Points of Interest The imposing Brandenburg Gate 1788-1791, inspired by the Propylaea of the Acropolis in Athens, Greece, is located at the estern end of Unter den Linden, a famous boulevard in Berlin that extends east to Museum Island, in the Spree River the Brandenburg Gate as closed to free access until December 1989. On or near the boulevard are the classical-style State Opera House 1743 the State Library 1774-1780 the baroque Arsenal building 1695-1706 designed by Andreas Schlter, no housing a historical museum Saint Hedigs Cathedral 1747-1773 the Gothic Church of Saint Nicholas late 14th-early 15th century the French Cathedral of the Platz der Akademie area, the heart of the French quarter in the 17th century and the University of Berlin 1810, hose faculty has included 27 Nobel Prize inners and philosopher G. . F. Hegel. ell-knon streets crossing Unter den Linden are the Friedrichstrasse and the ilhelmstrasse, on hich once stood the Reichschancery of Adolf Hitler.Berlins most famous boulevard is the Kurfrstendamm, hich is lined ith fashionable hotels, restaurants, shops, and movie theaters. At the boulevards eastern end is a ruined toer, all that remains of the Kaiser ilhelm Memorial Church 1891-1895 destroyed during orld ar II, maintained as a reminder of the destructiveness of ar. Adjacent to the ruins are a polygonal church and its separate campanile 1959-1961. Branching from the Kurfrstendamm is the Tauentzienstrasse, a major shopping street and the site of the Europa Center 1963-1965 a 22-story complex of restaurants, shops, offices, cinemas, a planetarium, and an ice-skating rink. To the northeast is the Tiergarten park, largest of Berlins nearly 50 parks, hich extends about 3 km about 2 mi to the Brandenburg Gate. In the Tiergarten are the large, modern Congress Hall 1957 the Reichstag building 1884-1894, once the seat of the German parliament, hich as gutted by fire in 1933 and again damaged at the end of orld ar II, but hich has since been largely restored the Berlin Zoological Garden, the largest and one of the oldest in the orld and an aquarium. Near the Tiergarten is the Kulturform complex, including the Museum of Applied Arts the Bauhaus Archives and Museum, commemorating the Bauhaus school of architecture and design 1919-1933 the Musical Instrument Museum the National Library the Ne National Gallery 1968, designed by Ludig Mies van der Rohe, housing a collection of 20th-century art and the striking Philharmonie Concert Hall 1963, an asymmetrical structure that serves as the home of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra.Southeast of the Tiergarten is Oranienburger Strasse and environs, the heart of prear Berlins Jeish district. Revitalization of the area has included restoration of the Ne Synagogue 1866, hich as badly damaged on Kristallnacht see Holocaust and by bombing. The synagogue is no a center for the study and preservation of Jeish culture. The area is also knon for its art galleries, cafs, bars, and artists studios. Berlins oldest Jeish cemetery is nearby.Museum Island, in eastern Berlin, is the site of the Pergamon Museum 1930, ith a fine collection of Greco-Roman and Asian art the Bode Museum, ith displays of ancient Egyptian and Byzantine art and the National Gallery 1866-1876, ith exhibitions of 19th-century painting.On the eastern bank of the Spree is Alexanderplatz, a large square ith restaurants and stores nearby are the Television Toer 365 m1197 ft and Red Ton Hall. A statue facing the eastern entrance to the ton hall commemorates the Trummerfrauen Rubble omen, thousands of omen of all ages ho cleared up vast quantities of rubble left in Berlin after orld ar II.Forests and farmland cover nearly one-third of Berlin. In the southestern part of the city is the vast Gruneald forest, hich contains a great deal of oodland and the large annsee, formed by the Havel River, as ell as a Renaissance-style hunting lodge principally mid-16th century, ith 18th-century additions, the large Olympic Stadium built for the 1936 Olympic Games, and a broadcasting toer 1924-1926 measuring 138 m 453 ft high. Other points of interest include Charlottenburg Palace begun 1695, hich houses the Museum of Decorative Arts, and the neoclassical Humboldt.In the Dahlem district of estern Berlin, near the Gruneald, are a group of famous institutions, hich include the Painting Gallery, ith displays of European painting from the 13th to the 16th century the Ethnological Museum the Sculpture Gallery museums of Indian, Islamic, and East Asian art and the German Folklore Museum...
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