... in the 1550s . It is quite common to find documents from the 16th century here individuals have made their mark , a sign or symbol ritten instead of a signature . Education usually depended upon a persons social group . Labourers ere illiterate , but merchants ere generally better educated . Gentlemen ere usually literate , and often had the opportunity of attending one of Englands to universities , Oxford and Cambridge , here they could study classical literature , theology , philosophy , medicine , and la . Out of the hole of Englands population , perhaps 4,000 men ere studying at Oxford and Cambridge at the end of Elizabeths reign .The sons of gentlemen could also study la at one of the Inns of Court in London , here the training could prepare them to be a layer in one of the la of the courts or , like illiam Cecil , 1st Baron Burghley for a career in royal service . Elizabethan England did not have as many printing presses as some of the European countries , but the industry as a groing business . Chapmen , or andering pedlars , sold chapbooks of popular stories and ballads to poorer social groups . Gentlemen could afford more expensive books , often the classical authors such as Livy , Tacitus and Aristotle . Religious books ere popular and alloed English Protestants to read orks by Martin Luther or John Calvin .Culture and Entertainment Elizabethan Style , in English art , is a period beteen the Gothic and Renaissance style . It reached its apogee in the late 1500s , toards the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I , and is often considered the last phrase of the long-lasting of Tudor style . Althought the Elizabethan age produced a certain amount of characteristic sculpture particularly tomb sculpture and painting such as Nicholas Hilliards miniature portraits , the Elizabethan style can be see in the periods arhitecture both in the great country houses of the nobility and in the timbered ton houses of merchans and tradespeople . The entertainments enjoyed by groups in Elizabethan society depended on ealth and literacy . Some of their recreational pursuits seem particulary cruel by modern standards bullbaiting and bearbaiting , ere the animals ere fought and eventually killed by dogs , ere popular and so , too , as cockfighting . Taverns , playhouses , and boling alleys ere all places in hich tonspeople could entertain themselves . Gambling ith cadrs and dice , real tennis , and bols ere forbidden by la , but this did not limit their popularity . Theatres , too , ere popular , ith standing room for poorer subjects and expensive seats for merchants and gentry . Elizabethan England sa the beginning of a golden age of theatre . Playrights and actors such as illiam Shakespeare , Ben Jonson rote and acted histories , tragedies , comedies for theatres such as the Globe Theatre in London , abetted by lesser talents such as Thomas Nashe , Thomas Dekker , John Lyly , T. Kid , etc . Courties patronized their on groups of actors , and these often performed at court for Elizabeth . Sometimes , courtiers , like Sir alter Raleigh rote poetry to practice their skills and compliment the Queen . The poets like Samuel Daniel , Thomas Lodge or Shakespeare himself took part in a great lyric floring often expressed in the sonnet . Artists such as Nicholas Hilliard demonstrated their skills in portraying important membres of the court and contributed to an Elizabethan culture ere the art and literarure expressed the poer of the queen . Even Elizabeth herself , ho as taught by leading scholars like Roger Ascham , rote poetry , and translated the ork of classical authors like as Horace and Plutarch . illiam Byrd rote music for the ne Elizabethan Church of England , and he as admired by membres of the nobility ho believed that knoledge of music as important . Crime and Punishment Elizabethans had a strong fear of crime and , in the larger tons , ould have been used to thieves , pickpockets and robbers . Common , too , ere masterless men ,or vagrants , ho andered the countryside . These 2 groups of people criminals and homeless poor ere treated severely . Vagrants , ere generally ipped and even those ho could read ere branded ith hot irons to make sure that they did not use the excuse again .Serious crime usually meant that the accused ould be hanged . There ere other punishment for less serious offences courts could order offenders to be put in the stocks hich held the feet or the pillory hich held the arms . Public display as an important patr of punishment , ith the object of shaming the criminal into repentance as ell as arning others , and crods gathered to see offenders hipped , pilloried , and even hanged . Conclusion England as still a small country at the end of Elizabeth Is reign , based an agricultural economy and troubles by ar , but the kingdoms cultural achievemants ere massive . England shoed signs of developing into a orld poer . The reign of Elizabeths siccessor , James I and James VI of Scotland , united the 2 kingdoms but replaced Elizabeth s Tudor line ith the Stuart monarchy . ik aHiAL a a aadhaaa aadhaaP1h C!ia8i8NormalCJsHaJmHsHtH0i0Heading 1iCJ AiDefault Paragraph Font2Bi...
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