... they chose to shine through business and industry. The British Government at the time as purposefully laissez-faire toards business, alloing it to develop by itself, making Britain arguably freer to develop than most countries, enabling the ne industrialists to prosper. Agrarian Revolution Change and development is continious in the history of any nation .In some conditions development Is so slo that the pattern of society barely seems to change in the course of centuries.At other times Circumstances combine to alter social and economic life so rapidly that the change can be noted in the Life of an individual. After centuries of comparatively slo development in Britain, from the middle of The 18th century ,became involved in a series of rapid agrarian and industrial changes hich both to Contemporaries and to after generations appeared revolutionary. The factors hich brought about the greatest changes in the existing system ere the adoption of ne Farming techniques ,machines and methods , the enclosure of open fields and the groing population.Ne farming techniques consisted of improvements in crop rotation , soil fertilization and selective Breeding allied ith the development of ne machinery.Four names are commonly associated ith these innovationsJethro Tull 1674-1741 is best remembered for the invention of the seed drill, hich planted in ros, rather than broadcasting, thus alloing hoeing beteen ros. Charles Tonsgend 1674-1738 introduced marl a mixture of clay and lime to his sandy Norfolk estates. He advocated the use of turnips as fodder as an addition to traditional rotational crops.Robert Bakeell 1725-1795 pioneered selective breeding and developed quick-fattening sheep for mutton.Thomas Coke 1725-1842 set out to educate farmers in ne methods. He initiated agricultural shos and encouraged his tenant farmers to improve their methods by granting them long leases. In 1750 much of the British countryside as farmed by an open field system. This suited a system geared to subsistence farming. Large open fields ere divided into strips either oned by freeholders or rented from the local squire by tenants. Hoever, open fields farming as in some ay asteful. It often meant long alks beteen a farmers different parcels of land and the loss of acreage to path and tracks among the fields. It encouraged the spread of eeds and plant diseases. Fields ere susceptible to damage from unfenced animals hich also made selective breeding impossible .This open field system as not found everyhere. Enclosure meant joining the strips of open field to make larger compact pieces of land. Half the country as already enclosured , especially the areas catering for the markets of large cities such as London. . Some farmers had bought or exchanged land in order to facilitate enclosure. The extent of this enclosure is difficult to document as opposed to the later Parliamentary enclosures hich ere the climax of the transformation of British agriculture. There ere to great periods of enclosure -the 1760s and 70s and the period of the Napoleonic ars from 1793-1815. In both cases the timing as due to the opportunities for greater profits due to high cereal prices and the initiative as taken by large landoners. Prior to 1740 most land as enclosed by agreement beteen the major landoners but here smaller landoners opposed it an Act of Parliament had to be obtained. After 1750 this became the accepted practice. The effects of enclosure ere both economic and social. Enclosure facilitated ne agricultural methods and led to more land under cultivation. It enabled livestock farming to ork in tandem ith arable farming and encouraged selective breeding. Hoever, it meant a decline in the number of small landoners and cottagers and many farm labourers left for the industrialising cities. This migration aay from the land as compensated for by the increased volume and regularity of employment for those ho remained. There as still little labour saving machinery and enclosure meant ork putting up fences and hedges, building ne farms, and making roads to transport the increased volume of produce. The numbers engaged in agriculture rose from 1.7 million in 1801 to 2.1 million in 1851, but this did not match the increase in agricultural output. This meant that farm labourers ere becoming more productive, hich coupled ith the rise in population, released orkers from the land. hen assessing the changes in agriculture beteen 1750 and 1815 it is also important to look at its relationship ith industry. In fact there ere no direct links - both helped each other. True, the groth in population created a greater demand for agricultural products but at the same time farmers embraced ne methods and often helped to finance improved transport systems hich alloed them to feed the orkers of the ever-expanding industrial cities. Landoners exploited the mineral deposits under their land, or used it for developing urban estates. Money as also moved from country banks to the cities. At the same time some industrialists invested in agriculture, sensing the possibility of high profits. In conclusion it can be seen that in as much as there as an agrarian revolution beteen 1750 and 1815 it as a slo one, and a continuation of earlier changes. There as a diffusion of ne ideas , but it as hindered by the considerable regional differences in agricultural practice. Hoever, the uniquely English system of landholding as ell suited to change. Large landoners had the capital to invest in innovation. It as in the interest of the tenant-farmers to change their existing methods and there as a large rural labour force on hand to carry out the changes. The end of the open field system and the enclosure of previously unusable land meant that during this period the acreage of cultivable land increased. Finally, all this meant that agriculture as able to sustain the increased demand for food caused by the groth in population, hile itself reaping some of the reards of The Industrial Revolution.Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution as a revolution hich included the change of industrial methods of productivity. Its most significant issue as the development of ne inventions their fast spreading. Moreover, it as a drastic transformation from ork done by hand to ork done by machine and it also changed the system of production from the domestic to the factory system.The first Industrial Revolution a Iron and Coal, Steam and Textile Iron and Coal A major breakthrough in the use of coal occurred in 1709 at Coalbrookedale in the valley of the Severn River. There English industrialist Abraham Darby successfully used cokea high-carbon, converted form of coalto produce iron from iron ore. Using coke eliminated the need for charcoal, a more expensive, less efficient fuel. Metal makers thereafter discovered ays of using coal and coke to speed the production of ra iron, bar iron, and other metals.These advances in metalorking ere an important part o...
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