...appening on the moment that you talkI am just readingYou also use it for actions that are in the future but already sureMr. Baker is moving to Ohio next eek.Signalordsjust,at the moment, no, look!, listen!To build it, you just put an -ing at the end of the verb and use the right form of the verb to be at the in front of itExeptionsVerbes that have an infinitive ith a short vocal you use the folloing consonant ticeput-puttingVerbes that have an e at the end that you dontt speak like the ord rite are built ithout the e ritingAlso verbs that end ith the letters -ie at the end are specialthat -ie moves into a y lie-lyingSimple pastYou use the simple past for actions that are come after each other hich started in the past and are done no.Yesterday I rote a lettersignalordslast, ago, yesterday, etc.If you have a regular verb you just put an -ed on the endIf you have a irregular verb you take the 2nd verbformIf you have a Negation you got to use the auxiliar didntt and because didntt is already in the past you got to use the infinitif after it.Exeptionsto be has got 2 pastformsaseresingularI as, you ere , hesheit asplural e ere, you ere, they ere2. If the infinitif ends on -e you just put a simple -d on the end.Decide-decided3. -y after a consonant becomes -i-tidy-tidied4. After short vocals you take the consonant at the end ticestop-stopped5. After an accented -er -ir or -ur at the end of the infinitif you double the -rprefer-prefferedPast progressiveYou use it hen 2 or more actions happened at the same I as reading a book and my sister as playingIf an action took place hen a ne action just happenedI as atching TV hen suddenly the phone rangfor the ending of an action at a special timeYesterday at 5 pm e ere sitting in the garden.You use it ith asere and the 1st verbform and an -ing on the endPresent perfectYou use it for actions that started in the past and are just finishedI have just ritten a letterfor actions that started in the past and are not finished yetHe has knon him since 1990for actions that happened in the past but it is NOT important hen they happenedHave you ever been to Australiasignalordsever, never, already, just ,up to no, till no, so far, since, for, not...yetYou bulid it ith have or has and the 3rd verbform that normally ends on -ed but jut on regular verbsYou dontt need a do for negations because you have already a form of have as an auxiliaryPast Perfect Simple The use of this tense is quite easy because it is similar to the german plusquamperfektIt describes actions that ere already finished in the pastHe had done his homeorkYou use the -ing form of it to emphasize the time of an actionI had been aiting for 2 hourssignalordafter,beforeYou build the Past Perfect simple ith had and the 3rd verbformand the progressive ith had been and the 3rd verbformill-futureYou use the ill-futurefor a prediction and for an expression for your on opinionTomorro it ill rain to express a spontaneous decision Just a minute, i ill help youand in the main-sentence of the first if-clauseIf it rains, e ill stay at homeYou build the ill-future ith ill and the infinitifgoing-to futureit expresses a sure decision for the future I am going to visit my grandma tomorroor for a logical conclusion He looks pale. He is going to be ill.You build it ith the present of to be amareisgoing to1st verbformFuture progressive you express that a coming action is obvious He ill be coming tomorroor that an action in the future just happensat 9 pm tomorro, I ill be sitting in the plane.You build it ith ill be1st verbform ith -ingIn the negation you can replace ill not ith onttFuture 2 Futur 2 expresses that an action ill be finished at a special time in the futureBy 4 pm tomorro I ill have finished this ork.And the progressive form emphasizes the durationNext month I ill have been studying for 2 yearssignal ordsby..,in 10 minutes etc.Future 2 illnot have3rd verbformProgressiveillnot have been1st verbform ith -ingNegationNegated english sentences need 2 verbs. A auxiliary and a normal verbHe cantt help youexeptionif you use the verb to be you dontt need a second verbExepting the simple present and simple past every tense contains an auxiliaryIf you dontt have an auxiliary you must use the negation of to do He doesntt clean his roomPassiveYou have got 2 ays to express Aktiv and PassivAktiv I rite the letterSubject ObjectPassiv The letter is ritten by meSubject ObjectYou just change the places of subject and objectYou build it ith the right form of the verb to be and the 3rd verbformafter modale auxiliaris canmustmay you gotta put in the infinitif be I can be called.I may be calledYou can use 2 forms of the passive if you have a phrase ith 2 objectsMy parents have given me some presents.Subject D-object A-objectI have been given some presents by my parents.You also change some of the personal pronounNominativ DativAkkusativsubject objectI - me He - himShe - here - usthey -themReported speechIf you ant to repeat something that somebody else has said or ritten you got to use the reported speech.The ay you build the reported speech depends on 2 things of the time in the direct speech of the time in the beginning sentenceIf you have Present tensehe says, Present Perfectshe has asked or Futur 1he ill say in the beginning sentence the time that as used in the direct speech doentt change.But you surely have to conform the pronouns and maybe also the verbformHe says I spent my holidays in Italypresent tense direct speech Past TenseHe says that he spent his holidays in Italystays the same reported speechalso past tenseBut if the beginning sentence contains Past Tense, Past Perfect, Future 2, or Conditionalthe tense changes like thisDirect speech Reported speechPresent tense Past tensePast tense Past perfectPresent perfect Past perfectPast perfect Past perfectFuture 1 Conditional 1Future 2 Conditional 2 Conditional 1 Conditional 1 Conditional 2 Conditional 2 Also time and place can changeDirect speech Reported speech Direct speech Reported speechtoday That day no thenyesterday The day before tomorro The nextfolloing day...ago... ...before... This These ThatThose....ago.... ...before.... here thereNext... The folloing... ...
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